/b/ & /p/
The consonant sounds in "bat" and "pat" are both made by putting our two lips together and then opening them to release a small puff of air.
In these two video clips, you can see the woman saying the words "Pop" and "Bob." Notice
If we make these sounds the same way, then what is the difference between them? The difference is not what we do with our mouths, but what we do with our voice. When we make a /p/ sound, we do not use our voice; the sound is quiet. Put your hand on your throat and make the sound /p/. You should not feel any movement in your throat.
However, when we make a /b/ sound, we do use our voice. Put your hand on your throat and make the /b/ sound. Can you feel the vibrations? Another way to help you learn the difference between these two sounds is that /p/(the voiceless sound) makes a bigger puff of air. Put your hand in front of your mouth and make the /p/ sound. Feel the big puff of air. Now put your hand in front of your mouth again and make the /b/ sound (the voiced sound). Feel only a little puff of air? Good!
Watch videos of these sounds! In these video clips, notice how the speaker puts her lips together at the beginning and end of the words. In fact, notice that her lips move in a very similar way for both 'Pop' and 'Bob' -- the difference in how she says them is with her voice. (These videos will launch a separate video viewer to play them. Make sure you have a plug-in for video clips.)
- Bob video clip (200K MPEG file)
- Pop video clip (200K MPEG file)
See how open your
The sound in "ought" is made with your mouth open not as wide and the sound more in the middle of your mouth. Try to say a very quick, light /ou/ sound. That is the sound in "ought".
Here is a picture of
However, when we say "hut" we open our mouths wider and relax our lips. The sound in "hut" is in the center of your mouth. Try to put your tongue in the center of your mouth.
See here that when she says "hood", her lips are more relaxed.
The sound in "hat" is made with your mouth open not as wide and the sound is not as far back in your throat. Pretend someone is choking you. The sound you will make is this "hat" vowel.
When we make the sound in "hid" (/I/), we don't look as much like we are smiling, and our tongues are lower in our mouths. Here is a picture of our mouths so that you can compare where the tongue is for these two sounds.